PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF REALITIES FROM ENGLISH INTO UKRAINIAN, HUNGARIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE WORK OF A. CONAN-DOILLE "BASKWARE DOG")

Abstract

The article deals with the problems of translation which due to its creative nature, have been an endless source of scholarly discussions. One of such issues is the translation of culture-bound words or realia since apart from having native-like knowledge of at least two languages, a translator needs substantial knowledge and understanding of the historic background of a nation, its culture and traditions. Translation practice has confirmed that certain difficulties arise in translating realia, but this does not mean that they cannot be translated. We share the opinion of translators, according to which the concept of "realia” should be distinguished from the concept of a "term". It should be emphasized that a special place in the translation of realia is occupied by the translation of lacunae, which are associated with the absence or presence of the realia in the culture of a particular people. Lacunae were even called white spots on the semantic map of the language. The aim of the study is to analyze literature on realia translation and identify similarities and differences in the translation of realia from English into Ukrainian, Hungarian and Russian associated with the differences in the cultures of native speakers (based A. Conan Doyle’s "The Hound of the Baskervilles"). According to the purpose of the study, general scientific and special research methods that provided a holistic approach to solving the problem were used, namely: methods of critical analysis and synthesis, descriptive method, methods of comparison, analogy and generalization. The theoretical framework of our research is based on K.Kinga's taxonomy of translation operations. The authors come to the conclusion that the Ukrainian translator chooses translation transformations more strictly adhering to theory. Hungarian and Russian translators show greater autonomy in translation where a specific transformation is not necessary. The results obtained from the analysis of translation into the languages that belong to different language families may be of certain interest for translation theory. The results of the study can serve as a basis for future research.